第360課: Native Suffixes II: Nominal II
After this lesson, we will transition to native endings that result in non-nominal phrases.
Native Nominal Suffixes 26-53
26. ～好き follows nouns to describe people that like a certain think a lot or a character that is liked a lot by people.
1. 夫は外出好きです。
My husband likes to go out.
2. 「あの人は、よく外国旅行をしますね」「よほど冒険好きなんでしょう」
“That person often travels overseas” “He must be quite adventurous”
3. 人好きの性質
An amiable personality
27. ～ずじまい means that something wasn’t done and something accidentally ended up happening–しないで終わってしまった. As you can see, it comes from the combination of the old negative auxiliary ず and 終い (end) voiced.
4. 結局彼と会わずじまいだった。
I ended up not meeting with him.
28. ～尽く attaches to nouns and the stems of adjectives. It either shows that something relies entirely on something, something has the sole purpose of something, or what something is based off of. Most of the words used with this are uncommon and are becoming restricted to formal writing.
5. 納得ずくで解約する。 （経済）
To dissolve with mutual consent.
6. 腕ずくで強い相手を倒す。
To beat a strong enemy by might.
7a. 算盤ずくで戦う。
7b. 計算ずくで戦う。 （より自然）
To fight calculatively.
8. 欲得ずくで引き受けた仕事ではない。
This is not a job I took on just for gain.
9. 欲得ずくの結婚をする。
To marry for the money.
10. 力ずくで家に押し入る。
To enter a house by force.
11. 腕ずくで捩じ伏せる。
To hold down someone’s arms with brute force.
29. ～攻め means “offense/attack” and attaches to nouns to show bombardment. In doing so, 攻め becomes voiced as ぜめ.
12. 守りから攻めに転じる一手は賢いのか。
Is switching to the offensive from the defensive a wise move?
13. 次の一手で守りから攻めに転じる！
I’ll switch to offensive from defensive with this next move!
14. 兵糧攻めで敵を降伏させる。
To force surrender with starvation.
15. 質問攻めにする。
To bombard with questions.
16. 我々は広告攻めに遭っている。
We are bombarded with advertisements.
17. 誰もが毎日電子メールに｛やられています・辟易しています｝。
Everyone is being overwhelmed by e-mails every day.
30. ～だてら shows that something is unfitting of normal quality. This is old-fashioned and essentially not used.
18. 女だてらってよく言われますが、男だてらって言いませんね。
“Unladylike” is used frequently, but we don’t say “unmanly-like”.
19. 親だてらにいらぬ世話を焼く。（古い言い方）
To meddle unlike that of a parent.
31. ～垂れ is a pejorative equivalent to “-ass” and attaches to nouns or adjectives.
20. しみったれ
Stingy a**.
21. 馬鹿垂れ
Dumba**
22. くそったれ
S%*#head
32. ～付（つ・づ）け may either be attached to the 連用形 of a verb to show what one always does or attached to a day as “づけ” to show a schedule.
23. こちらは行きつけの図書館です。
This is the library that I always go to.
24. 六日付けの発令
Proclamation for the sixth
25. 掛かり付けの医者
Family doctor
33. ～詰め shows that an action or condition is continuing. Attach to the 連用形 of verbs.
26. 歩き詰めでくたくただ。
I was exhausted due to continuous walking.
27. 立ち詰めで働いていた。
I have been working while continuing to stand up.
34. ～連れ shows a company of people.
28. 旅の道連れ
A traveling companion.
29. 三人連れでいればいい。
It’s good to be in groups of threes.
30. 家族連れでハイキングに行く。
To go hiking with one’s family in tow.
35. ～手 is attached to the 連用形 of verbs and denotes the action doer.
31. あいつはくどい話し手だな。
He’s a windy speaker, isn’t he?
32. 彼はいつも注意深い聞き手です。
He is always an alert listener.
33. 書き手
Writer
36. ～通し, like ～詰め, shows that something continues as such. It too attaches to the 連用形 of verbs.
34. 雪は夜通し降り続いた。
It snowed all night long.
35. 立ち通しでした。
I was kept standing.
37. ～通り follows nouns meaning “Street/Avenue” or “in accordance with”. Do not confuse with ～通し.
36. 彼女の住所はウェスト・パーク通り6番です。
Her address is 6 West Park Street.
37. サンセット大通り
Sunset Boulevard
38. 自分の思い通りにする。
To have it one’s own way.
39. 求刑の結果だが、予想通りだ。
These are the results of the prosecution; it was just as expected.
40. 概ね平常通りです。
Things are basically just as normal.
38. ～並み means “average/ordinary” As a suffix, it may show a line of similar things such as houses, everything in the same condition, or something of a same level or kind.
41. ウィキペディアはブリタニカ並みに正確だと思います。
I think that Wikipedia is as accurate as Britannica.
42. 軒並みが壊滅した。
The row of houses were completely destroyed.
43. 世間並み
Ordinary
44. 山並み（の輪郭）が見える。
To be able to see the outline of the row of mountains.
45. 七月並みの気温です。
This is average July temperatures.
46. この種の顔写真は、誰でもひとしなみに指名手配犯のように見せてしまう。
This kind of face photo ends up showing anyone equally like a wanted criminal.
From 火車 by 宮部みゆき.
Word Note: ひとしなみ, spelled in 漢字 as 等し並, is a 形容動詞 made with the combination of 並み and the stem of 等しい
39. ～抜く as a suffix in the form ～抜き means “without”.
47. 塩抜きのポテトチップを買えるかな。
I wonder if you can buy potato chips without salt.
48. 砂糖抜きでお願いします。
Without sugar please.
49. 昼飯抜きで仕事をすると、健康を損なってしまう。
If you work without lunch, you’ll end up losing your health.
50. 染み抜きをする。
To remove stains.
40. ～栄え attaches to the 連用形 of verbs and is used to show a heard or shown advantage. It is limited to the verbs 見る and 聞く.
51. 音楽は聞き栄えがしなかった。
The music was not pleasing to the ears.
52. 彼女は一向に見栄えがしないよ。
She’s not anything to look at at all.
53. あのドレスは見栄えがしました。
That dress was much to look at.
41. ～端 attaches to the 連用形 of verbs and means “about to start”. Its usage is very limited. The first example is a very common phrase with it, but other than that, it is extremely rare. Use on with things you find it used with.
54. 出端
Moment of departure
55. 寝入りばなに弟が泣き出した。
My little brother began to cry as I was falling asleep.
42. ～っ放し comes from 放す meaning “to unchain”. ～っ放し strengthens this meaning by showing how “you leave something…”. It’s most associated with frequent careless forgetting.
56. テレビをつけっぱなしにするな！
Don’t leave the TV on!
57. 私は昨夜テレビをつけっぱなしにして寝てしまった。
Last night I fell asleep leaving the television on.
58. 部屋を出るときは電灯をつけっぱなしにしないようにしてくださいね。
Try not to leave the lights on when you leave the room, OK?
43. ～張り attaches to personal nouns and means “reminiscent of”.
59. 雷電張りの空模様だった。
It was weather reminiscent of thunder and lightning.
60. セザンヌ張りの風景画。
Landscape paintings reminiscent of Cezanne.
61. シェイクスピア張りの文体。
Writing style reminiscent of Shakespeare.
44. ～日 means day. It is sometimes unvoiced.
| 収集日 | しゅうしゅうび | Collection day | 締切日 | しめきりび | Closing day |
| 忌み日 | いみび | Unlucky day (astrology) | 冬日 | ふゆび | Winter day |
| 春日 | はるひ・はるび | Spring day | 誕生日 | たんじょうび | Birthday |
45. ～辺 is attached to geographical nouns to mean “-side”.
62. 水辺に並んでいる町。
Towns lining the waterside.
63. 海辺で休日を過ごしたよ。
I spent the holiday at the seaside.
64. 嵐がその大船を岸辺へと押しやった。
The storm impelled the big ship to the shoreline.
65. 山辺
Mountainside
Historical Note: It’s interesting to note that some scholars believe this ending is actually an ancient borrowing from Ainu.
46. ～っぺ is used after names to show familiarity, but it can also be used in a hurtful way. It all depends on context. If you’re called a 田舎っぺ, that’s not a nice thing. These sorts of nuances don’t translate well into English, so keep in mind what this stands for.
66. 花っぺ (Nickname for Hanako)
Hana-ppe
67. 太郎っぺ
Taro
47. ～（っ）ぽ（っ）ち attaches to demonstrative pronouns or numbers meaning “merely but”. This ending is very casual, which explains the speech styles of the example sentences.
68. 1ドルぽっちでは買えねー。(Casual; vulgar)
I can’t buy anything with just a dollar.
69. これっぽっちでは足りないもんだ。
This is just merely lacking.
48. ～前 attaches to words of number or person to show portion or suitable amount. This suffix oddly does not follow any exception to any counter rules.
70. 一人前になる。
To come to age.
71. 二人前を平らげる。
To consume food enough for two people.
49. ～向け: See Lesson 151.
50. ～目 has three usages. It is seen in the pattern ”Counter phrase + 目” to create ordinal expressions (#th). You also see it after the 連用形 of verbs to show the point or place of partition in something. The last usage is just as important. In its third usage it is after either after the stem of adjectives or the 連用形 of verbs to show tendency/disposition/degree. Of course, given that there are two usages when after the 連用形 of verbs, you will have to consider the meaning of the verbs themselves to differentiate the usages.
72. 今年の15冊目を読みきりました。
I’ve completely read through my 15th book of the year.
73. このレストランでまったく切れ目のない列ができています。
There is a line with no gaps at all.
74. 縫い目が綻びる。
For seams to split. 75. 落ち目になる。
For one’s fortune to decline.
76. 袂はやや長めであった。
(Her) sleeves were quite lengthy.
From 不死 by 川端康成.
77. 若い女の答えはあいまいだったが、白粉の濃いめの顔を赤らめもしないで、もううしろを見せるとフォウムへ出て行った。
The young woman’s answer was vague, but she left to the platform and had already shown her backside doing so without ever having her strongly powdered face blush.
From 山の音 by 川端康成.
Exception Note: 濃い + 目 should result in 濃目, but this is very rare. Instead, 濃い目 is used.
51. ～もの, either 物 for things or 者 for people, attaches to the stem of nouns to show things or people “to…”.
78. 動物に食べ物を与えないでくださいませんか。
Could you please not give food to the animals?
79. 何か飲み物がほしい。
I want something to drink.
80. 乗り物に酔う。
To have travel sickness.
81. この本はためになる読み物です。
This book is good reading.
82. 生き物一つもいない。
There is not a living thing.
83. 壊れ物！
Fragile objects!
84. 彼女は本当に働き者だよ。
She is a really hard worker.
85. 彼はまったく怠け者だぞ。
He is completely lazy.
86. 聞き物はない。
To not have something worth listening to.
52. ～屋 may be added to a type of trade to show a kind of shop. In the same vein, it may also be the end of an alias. As an extension of showing one’s trade, it can pinpoint people with certain dispositions like being sarcastic, shy, or what not. In this last case, it is often with the auxiliary ～がる.
| 電気屋 | Electric store | 恥ずかしがり屋 | Shy person |
| 皮肉屋 | Sarcastic person | 鈴の屋 | Suzunoya (alias) |
| 技術屋 | Engineer | 寿司屋 | Sushi bar |
53. ～や is a suffix that attaches to nouns of person to show intimacy.
87. じいや
Gramps
88. 坊やが天使のような表情を持った。
The little boy possessed an angelic expression.
89. ねえや
Sis’